Pregnancy And Babies

2012-01-15T18:44:00.000-08:00

Raising the Fetus
How to increase fetal weight?
Fetal development is influenced by several factors, including:

* Nutrition mother.
* Fetal growth hormone.
* Metabolic Diseases mother.
* Genetic factors.
* System transfers nutrients from mother to fetus.

If there are allegations of low fetal weight, make sure it's true what lower than the age of fetal development, or merely because the gestational age is still young to know with certainty the age of your pregnancy. For the 36 weeks of gestation, normal fetal weight 2622 grams. fetal weight is considered low if it is in parcels of 3 or over 5% lower limit of normal weight. Based on the Weight Loss Your fetus is low, but so accurate, it needs regular ultrasound examinations. If positive should be looking for the cause and how many degrees of fetal growth retardation due to low weight.
Complications of low weight fetus threatens the welfare of the fetus. Research has shown that the existence of side effects due to the stunted growth of the fetus such as heart disease, obesity, or diabetes. Capital improvements such as adding nutritional intake of protein and calorie intake, can increase fetal weight, but only when other factors are not disturbed.
In various medical journals, when the low fetal weight, stunted growth, and repair of various factors do not change it, the best therapy is to grow the weight of the fetus outside the womb by the fetus is born. Consultation back to your gynecologist

Mood Swing Expectant Mother

2012-01-15T18:32:00.000-08:00

During pregnancy, it is normal for expectant mothers experience mood swings, emotions and moods are up and down. Some are experienced it is still within the limits of a lightweight and easy to overcome, but there also has almost reached the stage of depression. The cause is the internal body and hormonal changes in women.

Mood swing or the so-called pre-baby blues syndrome is indeed common, but should also be addressed immediately and not allowed to drag on. If not, these mood swings can lead to depression and if not treated completely, it could be the root of the baby blues or postpartum depression.

What sign? Come on, Mother, recognize the signs early, so as not sustainable. Have you ever experienced this?

* Feeling so insecure mother.
* Worried about the safety of the fetus could not even sleep.
* Fluctuations feeling sad, upset, excited, which is extreme.
* Feeling sad or gray in without cause.
* Want to be alone while to feel comfortable meeting other people.

If so, calm, Mother. That's still a normal mood swing symptoms and common, but must be addressed early on. Try once again check this one:

* Expectant mothers can not be concentrating, remembering, or making decisions.
* Interfere with work and daily activities.
* Interfere with prospective mothers relationship with the people around him.
* Expectant mothers can not take care of themselves, their families and children (if this is the second pregnancy).
• The condition of the mother threaten the safety of the fetus (eg, refusing to eat, or drink, until the desire to commit suicide).

You should be more vigilant if the mood swings had to interrupt your daily activities as happened in the above checklist.

Overcome soon! Emotional fluctuations that often occur during pregnancy must be addressed immediately. How do I?

* Need support. During expectant mothers received enough support from people around, feel happy, to have a positive view of pregnancy, the expectant mothers will be able to survive.
* Intake of nutrients and adequate rest.
* Psychologist or psychiatrist. If the mood swing is very disturbing daily activities expectant mothers, do not hesitate to consult a psychologist or psychiatrist.
* The information intact. Obviously the mother wants to give the best stimulation for her baby and tried to find as much information. But often the information is not correct and instead make expectant mothers become depressed. For that, it helps if the prospective mother asked the experts to get the information intact.
* Overcome bored. You can change the atmosphere of the house, appearance, food, activity time-fillers, or doing your hobby, to overcome boredom.
* Gift for yourself. Try to do occasional special body treatment of pregnant women, or buy your favorite books, or CD track.
* New atmosphere. Get out of the house, get some fresh air, and make an appointment to meet with friends who can change the atmosphere or entertaining.
* Aromatherapy. Try to relax while sipping aromatherapy can 'boost' your mood. Consult an aromatherapy expert to gain the maximum benefit.
* Active physically. Try to do gymnastics or pre-natal yoga, walking, or swimming.

And most importantly, learn to accept, recognize, and adapt to change is the key to success of new mothers and fathers. So, whatever your experience to transform into a parent, it is a 'teacher' the best for you and your child.

Skin problems in pregnant women

2012-01-15T18:23:00.000-08:00

Inevitably, since positive pregnant until late delivery, your skin has undergone many changes. Unfortunately, some of the changes tersebu makes your skin so it is not attractive.

Physiological changes. Of course changes in levels of various hormones in the body of pregnant women make skin look more oily, or acne, appears darker, others. While this is a common thing experienced by pregnant women, not all women will experience it. There are several factors that trigger skin problems occur, such as skin type, hormonal conditions, and congenital factors.

Not just cosmetic. To overcome this, pregnant women are advised not to indiscriminate use of cosmetics. Cosmetic effect or attempt to treat skin beauty on fetal development has not been done. But ethically, dermatologist will not give oral medication to mothers with pregnancy under 16 weeks. Because, when that's going on cell division and rapid growth. "Disturbance" any adverse risk to the development and fetal growth.

Some skin problems are commonly experienced by pregnant women include:
1. pimple
2. stretchmarks
3. Varicose veins and spider veins

4 Ways Knowing the Fertile Period

2011-04-14T22:44:00.000-07:00

Intercourse should be done when you are in the fertile period or the period in which the egg cells in ovaries (ovaries) is ripe and ready to be fertilized
Here are some ways to know your fertile period.

Menstrual cycle. The average menstrual cycle lasts 28-30 days or 22-35 days. Ovulated egg cells or exit from the ovary in the middle of the menstrual period, or about the 14th day until the 16 th counted from the first day of menstruation. So, 3 days before day 14 and 3 days after the 16th day of your fertile period is an estimate. This is the moment that allows the egg to be fertilized.

Sap of the cervical mucus (cervical). Fertile period can be identified by observing changes in viscosity of mucus coming out of the vagina. Perform regular observations every day. Mucus during the fertile shape looks like a fern leaf, are chewy, not closed when held and pulled lengthwise, and sticky like jelly.

Body temperature. At the time of your egg cells mature, the uterus will be ready to accept the fertilized egg successfully. At this time, your body temperature will increase. To determine the range of your fertile period, observe the pattern of increase in body temperature. How, do measure the temperature in the morning, every day at the same time, for 3 months. Measure the temperature just right when you wake up, and not move anything. Record the temperature data so as to form a curve. Temperatures above normal curve indicates that you are in the fertile period.

Ultrasonography (USG). Determination of the fertile period in a way this is done serially, for 3-5 days, based on your menstrual cycle. From this monitoring can be known when the eggs begin to form in the ovary, when the egg matures, until the egg when released. This method is suitable for you with an irregular menstrual cycle.

Vegan Pregnancy Diet

2011-04-14T22:38:00.000-07:00

Here it is nutrients that must be improved intake during pregnancy, for your healthy pregnancy despite undergoing a vegan diet.

Orange, green vegetables, soy milk, bread and cereals fortified with folic acid-enriched mikrogram/100 of 140 grams of food. Because it contains folic acid that is needed for the formation of neural tube and central nervous systems of fetuses in the first weeks of pregnancy. During pregnancy, the intake should be increased to 400-600 micrograms per day, in the form of supplements and food ingredients.

Various types of beans, corn and brown rice. It is recommended to consume at least five kinds of beans, such as soybeans and various processed products (soy milk, tofu, tempeh), green beans, red beans, peanuts, lentils, peanuts and almonds bogor. Because it contains protein for the formation of fetal cells. Needs as much as 71 grams a day. When you are accustomed to eating a varied diet of protein source, simply add 17 grams of protein content of 68-70 calories per day, for example from 2 cups of soy milk, 252 grams of tofu or 84 grams of tempeh.

Spinach, broccoli, bokcoy, watermelon, dried apricots, tomato juice, raisins, tofu, tempeh, potatoes, prune juice, green beans and soy beans, bulgur, and sesame oil. Because it contains iron (Fe) as Ahan forming red blood cells. The recommended daily intake is 30 mg, particularly during trimester of gestation trimester 2 and 3. Besides the consumption of food sources of vitamin C to help optimize the absorption of iron, but the limit no more than 65 mg a day because it would inhibit the absorption of zinc (Zn) and lead to complaints of nausea, burning sensation in the chest, and constipation.

Tofu, various types of dark green leafy vegetables, fruit juice, chicory, bokcoy, broccoli, fortified cereals, soybeans and processed products (soy milk, yogurt, tofu, tofu, tempeh). Tofu is a source of calcium is recommended for adherent vegan. Because they contain calcium (Ca) to form bones and teeth of the fetus. Trimester of pregnancy into 3, the fetus will use about 25-30 grams of calcium from the mother's body. Strive your calcium intake to 1200 mg per day minimum.

Various types of cereals and vitamin-fortified soy milk, which on average contain 10 micrograms (400 IU) of vitamin D. Because they contain vitamin D to help calcium absorption. Requirement of vitamin D naturally can be met through bask in the sun

Various processed foods using a yeast, for example tapai cassava, glutinous tapai, oncom and tempeh. 1-2 teaspoons yeast powder contains about 2.2 micrograms of vitamin B12. Another source is the cereal for breakfast, tofu, tofu and soy milk. Because it contains vitamins B6 and B12 which is needed in the synthesis of new tissue in the body of the fetus, cell division and protein metabolism. Needs about 1.7 micrograms of vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 is about 2.6 micrograms per day.

Baby Signs mugginess

2011-04-14T22:18:00.000-07:00

We also often incorrectly detect the body temperature of children increases. Presumed sick, not him just swelter.
The causes of child mugginess, more influenced by environmental factors, such as lack of ventilation, the weather outside is hot, cramped room, or light into the room too much.

Characteristics:

1. Children began to get nervous.
2. Child's skin began to redden or melegam than ever.
3. Sweating, both in the forehead, head, and underarms.
4. The skin on other parts of her body so dry.
5. Lips too dry.

Handling:

If not quickly treated, children can become dehydrated. Here are the steps to overcome:

1. Keep the child from sources of heat, and cool indoor air. If it was in the hot sun, immediately take shelter. If you were inside a closed room that is less ventilation, such as in a car that is not air-cooled, take the child out of the vehicle.

2. Remove the child's blanket. Also, babies should not dibedong. "We were scared, because accustomed dibedong, then when everything that covered her body disposed of, the child actually shivering." If that does happen, watch out. Perhaps, the increased temperature is a fever.

3. Put the baby clothes are suitable for tropical climates, such as cotton or materials that absorb sweat. Replace as soon as possible baby clothes soaked with sweat.

4. After that, measure your child's temperature with a thermometer. If the results show the number from 36 to 37.5 degrees Celsius, meaning he is still normal. If more than 37.5 degrees Celsius, the possibility of child fever. If up to 39 degrees Celsius, meaning he had a high fever, especially if it reached 40 degrees Celsius over, he could be experiencing hyperthermia ..

5. To distinguish hot with pain, how practical is the feeling of the child, whether his body temperature equal to or greater than our bodies. "But this way still no guarantee. At the right, measuring with a thermometer,"

To Introduce Baby Porridge

2010-12-09T22:06:00.000-08:00

Porridge is a form of soft food which is the transition from the liquid diet food to normal food. Form of soft foods can be introduced to babies from age 6 months. Here are some things which should be noted by Hindah Muaris.

1. In infants aged 6 8 months, certainly more gentle form of porridge and a little liquid.
2. Stage introduction additional food for babies:
* Age 6-8 months give milk porridge, which is porridge made from breast milk or formula and one or more other foods in the form of cereals or other types of tubers are rich in carbohydrates. The pulp of fruit can also be introduced at this age.
* At the age of 8 months and over, the form of slurry can be varied with different types of materials and already can be added with coconut milk and a little oil to meet the adequacy of fat.
3. Month old children in 1224 began the weaning period. That is, children can eat adult food.
4. Porridge should still meet the required standards of nutritional adequacy for children which contains enough energy, protein, fat, vitamins and minerals.
5. Use a food that is easily digested and do not add spices that stimulate. Materials often used for pulp are different types of cereals, grains, nuts, combined with the sharing of other types of materials.

Streamlining the production of breast milk

2010-12-09T22:01:00.000-08:00

There are factors that support for milk production so smoothly, namely:

* Build motivation by finding out the benefits of breast milk.

* During labor, choose a hospital rooming-in policy so that mothers and babies to be together and hold for 24 hours.

* Prepare physically and mentally for breastfeeding. Feeling of happiness and love to touch the baby will make the hormone oxytocin is working to produce milk and breast milk is ready to release.

* Master the correct feeding position. Position errors can cause cracked nipples, inflammation of the breast, or a baby only breast milk sucking air because the fluid does not exit.

* Do not provide any food or drink other than breast milk to newborns, unless medically indicated. Giving other liquids will only make lazy infant breast feeding and ultimately less stimulated.

* Ask for support from the spouse.

* Find a quiet atmosphere while breastfeeding. If you like, do it while listening to relaxing music.

* Avoid stress.

Choosing Baby Milk

2010-12-09T21:46:00.000-08:00

In addition, regardless of age, in choosing the right formula also needs to consider whether your baby is in trouble or not. Of course, what the nutritional content of formula milk you need to know.

Choosing formula milk for babies, it seems not as easy as imagined. Especially now that so many formula milk products are offered, from the usual to label contains additional nutrients important for the baby.

Unfortunately, most of us do not understand in terms of nutrients found in milk formula. That is why, many women who eventually became confused, had to choose what kind of formula is right for her beloved baby. Well, so Mom and Dad was the wrong choice, let us refer to the following expert discussion.ADJUSTING AGE

"Obviously the first thing to consider is the age of the baby," said Mohamad Harli. As is known, the formula is divided into 2 age groups, that is for babies aged 0-6 months are generally referred to initial formula feeding and for infants aged 6-12 months or advanced formula. "The difference is due to digestion of infants aged 6 months to bottom has not been perfect". Another thing with babies aged 6 months upwards, "generally have started better."

Is not the baby of this age have also begun to be given extra food? Thus, the nutrient content in milk formula was adjusted to the baby's digestive ability of this age. In addition, further Harli, "nutrient requirements for infants under the age of 6 months to not equal to babies over 6 months of age," he explained. The most obvious differences are in calories. "For babies under 6 months of age, calories needed per day by up to 560 MPA. While babies over 6 months of age need 800 MPA per day."

You see, the energy of infants aged 6 months upwards are more due to the growth of age and weight gain. So, the calories needed too much. In other languages, the nutritional content of infant formula, whether beginning or advanced, always tailored to the age and the baby's digestive capabilities and nutritional needs of any accretion age. In fact, also with the baby weight and height. Of course, that as a benchmark is a measure for normal infants.

THERE ARE 3 TYPES

Formula milk is also distinguished by the level of infant allergy to milk. In this regard, there are 3 kinds of formula milk, ie milk formula, soy milk and milk elemental. If a baby can receive infant formula with the appropriate brand whatever his age, he is not allergic. So, he can consume regular milk formula made from cow's milk and fortified (plus) with a variety of nutrients.

Another thing if the baby is not suitable to consume regular milk formula, usually a doctor will recommend that the baby is given milk made from soybeans. Because the light Harli, "these babies have a very sensitive digestion of fat in cow's milk." But if the baby is in trouble with cow's milk or soy milk, then the other alternative is elemental milk or formula milk casein hydrolysis.

"Milk is an elemental formula milk fat content is reduced but other nutrients reproduced," to know the baby's troubled mother-father or not with regular milk formula. Among other things, happy baby mengkonsuminya and not often cry because of abdominal pain. "If you do not match, the baby usually do not want to consume it and after several attempts will be trouble.

closer to breast milk

Regarding the nutritional content of infant formula, the best course is to approach breastfeeding. "A formula known as breastmilk substitutes". But make no mistake, he added, does not mean milk formula then can be equated with mother's milk. "However, there is no formula that can equal breast milk."

So, breast milk remains the best food for babies because all the necessary nutrients contained therein. Although infant formula contains additional nutrients, for example, DHA, according to Harli, still can not match the mother's milk. "Essential fatty acids such as linoleic acid or DHA and omega-6 only as an extra just because really, without added DHA and Omega-6 any, nutrients are met," he explained.

In other words, all the nutrients contained in all types of infant formula have fulfilled the necessary standards of nutritional adequacy of infant. Dosage of each nutrient was already close to breast milk nutrients. "So, no one should take precedence". Precisely when to prefer one, for example, protein or fat alone, would disrupt the balance of other nutrients.

Dental Care for babies aged 0-24 months

2010-10-20T23:21:00.000-07:00

Generally, dental diseases and disorders in children is one of the disturbances in the process of growth and development. Since baby teeth begin to grow, parents must take responsibility to clean their baby teeth. Although children's teeth are just baby teeth whose existence is only temporary, but the health of milk teeth affect the dental health of children in the future. Therefore, as parents need to know how to care for your child's teeth as a baby in the right way, for oral health of children is resolved.

How to care for the baby's mouth at the age of 0-6 months:

1. Clean your baby's gums with a damp cloth, at least twice a day

2. Do not allow your baby to sleep while drinking milk with a bottle of milk.

3. Finished breastfeeding, remember to clean the baby's mouth with a damp cloth

4. Do not add a sweet taste in the bottle of milk with honey or something sweet.

How to care for the baby's mouth and teeth at the age of 7-12 months:

1. Ask your pediatrician or your dentist if your baby is getting enough fluoride

2. Remember to clean your baby's mouth with a damp cloth (not wet at all), after feeding.

3. Do not let the baby sleep with a bottle of milk (while drinking milk from a bottle) except water.

4. Give plain water if you want to drink out of baby feeding schedule

5. When teeth begin to grow, start clean with a damp cloth. Clean every surface of the tooth and gum line between teeth with him carefully, because the food was often left on the surface.

6. When baby teeth begin to grow, start using a small toothbrush with soft surface and the nylon material.

7. Do not use toothpaste and remember to always wet the toothbrush with water.

8. Check with your child's teeth to the dentist, after 6 months from the first tooth erupts, or when age children a year.

How to care for the baby's mouth and teeth at the age of 13-24 months:

1. Begin introducing fluoride toothpaste

2. Do not let the child sleep with a bottle of milk (while drinking milk from a bottle), except water.

3. Use a pea-sized toothpaste green.

4. Brush teeth at least twice a day (after breakfast and before bed at night)

5. Use a soft toothbrush from nylon material.

6. Replace toothbrushes every three months or when the brush hairs are damaged.

7. Be a role model by practicing good oral health habits maintain and perform routine checks to the dentist every 6 months.

8. Familiarize children to eat healthy snacks such as fresh fruit and fresh vegetables.

9. Avoid snacks that contain sugar.

quoted from exposure Drg.Yerika & Drg. Marshinta

Preparing the Baby Room

2010-10-20T23:01:00.000-07:00

Select a simple nursery equipment and practical. Simple, in a sense fulfilled its function for the maintenance and development of the baby. Practically, can still be used until the age of the child two or three years. It could even enable the converted after the child is even greater.

Waiting a baby is a thrilling moment. Everything want to be prepared as possible. Ranging from clothing to her room. Concerning the preparation of this room, keep in mind for the convenience of infant care as well as possible.

PRACTICAL

The main equipment needed for baby's room is a baby bed and a desk. Though today there are various models, you can choose a simple and practical. So that could be used for a long time.

There are two kinds of size bed. That is 80 x 120 cm and 100 x 150 cm. Both are quite large, so that it can be used until the child is aged around 2-3 years. Lattice bed should be high enough, to block the baby so the baby did not fall.

SMALL

While tables are used to place menyabun baby, change clothes or diaper and place put toiletries. The bottom of the table is usually a drawer or cupboard to store baby clothes. The existence of this baby table in addition to practical, not too exhausting you, because they do not have to bend over.

For this baby different table sizes, ie 60 x 90 cm and 60 x 120 cm. "Most of the mothers liked the small size. Because there are many eating places. The ideal height is 80 cm," said Ida F Baradja daro Le Monde, which is involved in baby gear.

Not only that, the table can be used until the baby is a big boy. In addition to cabinets, as well as a desk, shelf toys or books.

If you do not plan to buy the baby table, substitute can be used ordinary desk or table. If the file size accordingly. Mattress for baby bed and a table can be made from cotton or foam.

Only if the weather is too hot, the foam will feel the heat. "The advantage of foam, which follow the rhythm of baby's body. So good for body growth," said Ida further.

In addition to a baby bed and a table, you should provide the chair where you sit with a relaxing time feeding the baby.

COLOR

For furniture you can choose the color of white, beige and brown. While other equipment, such as bed sheets there are a variety of color choices.

"Actually, all the bright colors suitable for babies. Both the blue, yellow and pink. Just because fashion only. The match each color with the sex of the baby," says Ida on the appropriate color for baby girls or boys.

You can also choose the desired color after the baby is born, because now a lot of ready-made and the price is relatively cheap. As for the color of curtains you can customize with colors that exist in the baby room.

For baby's room more cheerful mood, add a cute wall decoration and other brightly colored toys. As the pictures of animals and children's stories.

Phobia Therapy

2010-09-07T04:05:00.000-07:00

Not all phobias can be eliminated. This depends on your child's personality, mental capacity, and abilities as well as therapeutic techniques were applied. The technique of the therapy is drug therapy, behavioral and psychotherapy.

Drug therapy is done by giving certain medications (anti-phobia). While behavioral therapy used by children. For example, the child afraid of the cat. Parents get children to buy a toy doll cat and mouse, then the child is brought near a cat that tame and not scary. So that eventually the child will be able to overcome her fear of cats.While psychotherapy will be explored in therapy traumas or past conflicts of the child. Way through conversations. Children are invited to understand and explore the roots of the problems that it faces. After successfully known cause, then find how to cope.
Dwidjo reminded, no matter how small phobias suffered by children as a form of deviation must be addressed immediately. Otherwise, children may feel embarrassed because his friends ridiculed as cowards. This could interfere with his social life.

School Phobia
At pre-school age children or school, such as spoken Dwidjo, the term phobia is used only for school phobia. This occurred at the age of the child is not supposed to be afraid anymore to go to school but in reality he is afraid. "At the beginning of school anxiety. But worries are different from adults."

Anxiety in children depicted in the form of a variety of behaviors. Whether the child is so angry, unable to sit still, fussy, crying, and so forth. "Thus, non-specific and vague. However long your child does not dare to school."

However, complaints that appear on the child is not uangkapan, "I do not want to school." Maybe he will be the first symptom complained of his head pain, dizziness, and long the child actually reject school. Once asked why, the child may only say scared. But fears that he could not explain.

Now, the process experienced by the child's fear is sometimes the parents do not understand, so that forced school children. In fact, there are some children who experience great fear, so often met children who vomiting, abdominal pain and forth when going to school.

Of course there are many reasons why the child is afraid of going to school. Because he could not get accustomed to his new environment. He did not know new people around him, afraid of the friends, teachers, and others. Can also because he was afraid to separate from his parents, afraid to part with a safe home environment. Moreover, whose name is an institution that a new school for the children.

Strategy Overcome Difficult Sleep When Containing

2010-08-02T20:03:00.000-07:00

Mom had trouble sleeping while pregnant? Let's explore healthy solution.
There are many things that can cause a pregnant woman was difficult to sleep soundly, ranging from weight gain, pain is experienced, to worry about sleeping positions that might endanger the womb. Here are eight strategies for mothers to remain slept soundly despite the stomach were 'loaded'.

1. If mother trouble breathing (eg due to weight gain), then body with a few pillows to position the baby away from the diaphragm so the lungs can more freely.

2. Mothers should not drink any more after pk.18.00 to reduce the tendency to urinate when going to bed. Avoid caffeine, too. And, be sure to drink enough water on mothers throughout the day.

3. Try not to focus too much on the pain that may be in the mother feels. Calm the body and mind will help the mother sleep more quickly than if mothers continue to complain about the pain that appears.

4. Consuming a glass of warm milk can also help the mother fast asleep. Lactose content can stimulate insulin that can encourage the tryptophan in milk protein to affect the brain so the mothers could quickly fall asleep. If the mother's lactose intolerant, then the mother can replace it with soy milk or rice milk.

5. Create atmosphere of dim / dark and quiet in the room, and wherever possible use the bed for sleeping and sexual activities only, not for her laptop ria or other activities.

6. Turn on the AC (usually easy to feel the heat of pregnant women is not it? Because it is easier for someone to sleep in a cool atmosphere.

7. Lie sideways position because this is the most comfortable position for pregnant women.

8. If sleep problems persist, consult your doctor immediately

Signs Your Pregnant

2010-08-02T19:55:00.000-07:00

When you whitish without any odor, itching, or heat, then this could be a sign that there is a candidate for your baby in the womb. cihuy!

Although there are many irregularities that recently occurred in the body of Jane, but he's still afraid to believe that it is likely she is pregnant. It's known, has been long enough, five years ... Jane and her husband kept praying and trying to keep their children. However, each time checking over-pack test, results always came out negative. Jane just did not want to be disappointed again ...

Are you including one woman who experienced similar incidents Jane? Afraid to believe that maybe you are pregnant? If the accuracy of the test-pack makes you doubt, then the seventh sign below this could be the handle to see if you actually incorporated two or not.

'Guest' did not come

This month is also when you have menstrual periods usually come early. This is one of the most obvious sign that you're 'contain'. However, there are women who still 'bleed' when she was pregnant, although the time periods shorter than normal.

Nausea

Do you often feel nauseated at daybreak? Usually this happens to women who are pregnant. Some women just feel queasy in the morning only, the other almost all day.

Breasts 'harden'

"Oh, do not touch!" Do you struggle with the 'hardening' breasts? This generally happens anyway, and usually disappears when pregnancy is entering her second trimester.

Dizziness

Did you start frequently attacked by a headache? This usually happens due to hormonal changes. However, if attacked by a headache, then you certainly do not mean pregnant. Could be you are feeling dizzy due to sheer stress.

I'm so 'swell'

There are some pregnant women who fast directly to swell when she was pregnant. However, once again, this is still a sign only. Some parts of the body during menstruation women also swollen right?

Whitish

When you whitish without any odor, itching, or heat, then this could be a sign that there is a candidate for your baby in the womb. yihaa! This happens because the cervix (neck of the womb) to produce mucus to block the 'entrance' into the cervix so the baby does not become infected from outside the body.

Sensitive

Being emotionally sensitive could be a sign that you are pregnant. Again, this occurs as the impact of changes in hormones in the body.

If most of the seven signs above your daily coloring lately, then would not it be better if you make sure the results with a doctor? Happy to be a mother!

Alcohol can poison a baby in the womb

2010-08-02T19:44:00.000-07:00

A study carried out by Dutch scientists say that a mother who consumed alcohol while pregnant, the sperm is very risky to poison baby boys at birth.

Currently, alcohol consumption was not only done by men, but women also love to consume alcohol. Indeed, alcohol including dangerous and likely to cause addiction. Is not only dangerous for your health, but also dangerous for the fetus that may be contained by a woman who liked alcohol.

As reported by babycenter, we are told that scientists do research on a woman who was pregnant with a baby boy and liked to be alcohol. From drinking habits, the observed development of the child. And found that alcohol goes into the belly of the baby's mother had been poisoned and make these babies tend to have very low sperm count when he grew up.

Until now, scientists are still not sure how much alcohol can poison the baby. However, alcohol can be very dangerous especially consumed by pregnant women.

"It is possible that alcohol poisoning and endangering the production of sperm by the testes. But until now there is no exact number of how much alcohol is really dangerous otherwise. We recommend that if you are consumsi alcohol, limit your alcohol intake," says Cecilia, a leader Study at a university in Danish.

Wary of Tumor In Children

2010-07-18T19:12:00.000-07:00

Because of its presence difficult to detect, alert to the symptoms parents obliged. What type of tumor can be chronic childhood disease and ways of what used to treat it?

In medical terms, mean tumor swelling or lumps. It can be benign, malignant as well, depending on the nature of the picture cells under a microscope. From there we can be sure, the type and tumor growth. Not only that. From the biological properties can also be viewed on the enlargement, spread, and disruption of the tumor.

"There is a lump or tumor mass in a child, must always consider the possibility of malignant diseases known as cancer," said dr. Endang Windiastuti, MD, MM (Paed), the Sub-Division of Hematology-Oncology Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta.

In children, tumors in the organs of the body lying on the inside of the body tends aka hard look. Well, that's why sometimes children who suffer from tumors late to the doctor and the next thing I knew the tumor was in a state of advanced stage.

What actually causes the tumor and how to deal with children affected by tumors?

CAUSE

Broadly speaking, the cause of tumors is still unknown. For example, why the cells that had been growing normally turn into malignant or why these cells would not grow and even death can not be controlled by existing systems in the body. Various theories advanced to explain the causes of tumor / cancer in children. However, until now no one can explain clearly and thoroughly.

"Because the child still has a limited life, then chances are factors such as eating habits, exposure to carcinogenic chemicals, are also still very limited. In other words, it can not be said to be the cause," said Endang.

Various matters, namely the possibility of the existence of certain conditions within the body of the child, until now, also still in the research experts. For example, genetic or chromosomal abnormalities, which is due to outside influences (eg viruses) can cause cancer. Similarly, the existence of deficiencies in the immune system can increase the incidence of malignant disease in children. X-rays (radioactive rays) are also associated with the occurrence of tumor / cancer in children. In addition, exposure to radioactive rays in a mother who is pregnant may increase the risk of tumor / cancer later in her fetus.

When linked to the child, obviously Endang, "The theory is still due to virus infection. Viral infections cause changes in the cell so that cells become malignant. There's more because the gene change or mutation. The cause of this mutation may have something to do because of the chemicals, viruses, or other.

SYMPTOMS TREATMENT

Early introduction of disease symptoms caused by malignancy, especially in children, very difficult. Can not be detected and can also cause symptoms that are generally not specific. "Pain suspect there is something new malignant appear after symptoms appear striking," said Endang. Symptoms are often visible is the prolonged fever without obvious cause. Body temperature varies, approximately 38 to 38.5 degrees Celsius, despite lowering drugs had been given heat, the temperature rose again after declining for a second. In addition, body weight decreased drastically in a short time. This occurs because of decreased appetite.

According to statistics, the most common cancer in children is acute leukemia, followed by lymph node cancer (lymphoma malignum), eye cancer (retinoblastoma), neural cancers (neuroblastoma), kidney cancer (nefroblastoma), and others. "What is clear, cancer found in children are different and very rarely found in adults."

Various treatments have been found and developed. The goal, of course, to achieve healing. Among others with chemotherapy, surgical treatment, and radiotherapy. In addition, has also developed the treatment with bone marrow transplantation.

"Especially for pediatric patients is ongoing growth of the process, experts must consider several other aspects of treatment," said Endang. Such as adequate nutrition, prevention of infection and pain, and psychological approach to children and their families.

HEALING LEVEL

Because until now not known with certainty the cause of tumor / cancer in children, it is even more imperative after the discovery of any tumor is an intensive treatment. "This was not a lot of promise in patients. Figures briefings on the type of tumor / cancer," said Endang.

Almost all the tumors and cancer treatment takes one and a half to two years. For leukemia in the early phase called induction phase. This phase is the most severe because the child must be hospitalized for about 6-7 weeks. Children will be given drugs by direct injection into a vein, intravenously, or through the back into the central nervous system.

These drugs cause serious side effects. Make hair fall out, boy shivering, fever, thrush, diarrhea. Therefore, in the induction phase of this child must be hospitalized for observation. After that new bone marrow surgery, whether cured or not. When children expressed remission (recovery) so he may be seeing the road.

In addition to chemotherapy, childhood cancer who also underwent radiation after induction phase. Whereas for solid tumors (solid tumors) such as renal tumors, eye, lymph nodes, and other, usually performed surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation.

If still possible, usually the tumor will be removed first, by taking the network as much as possible. After that, viewed through a microscope to determine its type. It is important to determine what type of treatment. Whether radiation or chemotherapy first. Or maybe not need chemotherapy, surgery enough. If at the time of surgery was tumor had spread everywhere, tissue taken quite a bit, then do a biopsy.

From there can be known, how much stage tumors / cancer suffered. For advanced-stage tumors, for example, chemotherapy and radiation plays an important role. "So, actually getting patients to come early, when the surgeon can lift the net, the possibility of life will be better," said Endang.

Unfortunately until now there has been no tumor prevention. So, smart-pandailah we detect any suspicious symptoms. In short, so there was something wrong in the child, immediately consult a doctor.

Types of Cancer in Children

* Leukemia

Known as blood cancer. Symptoms of acute leukemia characterized by prolonged fever. Children suddenly pale (suddenly) with no bleeding. Bleeding can occur for example in the skin or in the gums when brushing teeth, or without cause nosebleeds. Then came the blue-blue color in the skin.

Each of these symptoms can not stand alone. Child's feet are blue-blue, for example, if it does not mean she leukemia without the above symptoms. In addition, weight loss and decreased appetite.

* Lymphoma

Is a cancer of lymph nodes. Complaint is usually with abdominal enlargement. There is also enlargement of lymph nodes quickly without pain and without signs of infection occurred at a place (usually in the neck) or somewhere else. Then, there are or without disturbances of urine, body heat rise and fall, appetite and weight loss, lethargic child does not want to play.

Your doctor will detect via x-rays and then sent him to hospital to be further clarification.

* Retinoblastom

Malignancy of the eye wall eye usually cause symptoms. When viewed by using the flashlight will look white on the retina, such as cat eyes (cat eyes). This was caused by the reflection of light from inside the eyeball. This is an early symptom retinoblastom. "Sometimes a child can not complain and can not say anything. That was hard. In addition, parents were rarely aware of it," said Endang.

So, in the early stages do not show up lumps. In fact, when it is still early, retinal surgery could be performed by ophthalmologists. Continuous state of the retina can cause swelling. When the ball protruding eyes that suggests a state that has been advanced and can cause blindness. This situation is feared to spread to the brain and bone marrow.

* Brain Cancer

Brain tumors generally cause headaches, along with a wall eye, and double vision. Once more it may cause a very severe headache, vomiting, and children can not walk because there are problems of coordination.

* Bone Cancer

Malignancy in the bone should be suspected if the swelling continues to expand on one leg.

* Stomach Cancer

Generally, tumors / cancer of the stomach is almost no complaints or grievances arise, although the tumor has not been able to be touched. Usually the tumors in the abdominal cavity can be detected after abdominal bulge and look hard. This was known at the time the child was bathed. Symptoms that are visible, such as stomach suddenly enlarged. Child grew thin and pale.

Miscellaneous Medications

Cancer treatment done in various ways, including:

* Chemotherapy

Performed by using a powerful cytostatic drugs kill cancer cells and a low side effect on normal cells. How it works is to stop the proliferation / growth of cancer cells. While for normal cells cultivated only slightly influenced by such treatment.

The basis of the mechanism for selecting drug targets located at different levels of cell proliferation. Therefore, normal cells from tissue belonging to high-level proliferasinya not spared from the adverse effects of drug targets. Network that is sensitive to this side effect is bone marrow, digestive tract, hair follicles, and skin. Cytostatica there who work specifically on a cell cycle, some are non-specific.

According to Endang, the emergence of side effects of chemotherapy are nausea, no appetite child because the influence of drugs used. In this case, parents need not force the child to eat a lot first. What is important, calories are met.

* Radiotherapy

Is one of the medications that are important in malignant disease because these medications can shrink the tumor as well as eliminating some of the clinical symptoms. Radiation is given to inhibit chemical bonds necessary for the formation of cells.

* Surgery

Surgery can be done in the primary tumor at diagnosis, or at the second observation after treatment is another way (chemotherapy or radiotherapy). The second method is more commonly performed on the tumor mass is too large or if the location could cause interference such as the face or genitals.

At surgery, which should be sought is to lift the entire tumor mass with intact. During surgery, the tissues around the tumor and surrounding lymph nodes should be examined carefully against possible spread of tumors.

Disease alert Season Transition

2010-07-18T19:04:00.000-07:00

Change of seasons become an arena of certain diseases rampant. Find out what diseases are potentially in transition season!

When transition, not just dust or floods that made dizzy, tropical disease came. Well, to be more alert to the diseases in the transition season, dr. Adji Suranto SpA., From RS Usada Insani Tangerang, explain these diseases and how to prevent it.

(Respiratory Tract Infection)

At the time of transition rainy season to dry season, complaints ARI (upper respiratory infection) can suddenly bloom at all. Starting from rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis to laryngitis. Generally, symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection can include fever, cough, runny nose or sneezing or sore throat.

According Adji ARI cases rampant in the early dry season, was follow the environmental changes that are the means conducive to the germs that cause ARI to multiply. In addition to ARI, allergic diseases such as asthma or rhinitis are also frequent. At the turn of the rainy season to dry season the valve is cold and dry and a lot of dust can also trigger asthma relapse.

Diarrhea

The high volume of rainfall causes floods, the wind causes the dust flying, making the risk of contamination of food / drink by bacteria or parasites cause diarrhea increasing.

"Especially if the water used for washing dishes less hygienic, is certainly making germs easily enter our bodies," said Adji.

Bacterial infections, parasites, and viruses that enter the digestive tract through food / beverages are often diidap children and toddlers because the immune system is not optimal.

Do not underestimate the diarrhea. If the child has a bowel movement that is too liquid continuously, should note the child's fluid intake. Providing drinking enough fluids is very much ORS to help sufferers, especially to stabilize the electrolyte body and lowers the risk of exacerbations. In essence, patients still watch fluid intake.

Flu

Typically begins with symptoms like fever, cough, runny nose, feeling cold (shivering), muscle aches, headaches, and fatigue. In contrast to the diarrhea, the flu can be transmitted via droplets from coughs or sneezes of people who suffer from the flu, and contact with surfaces contaminated with influenza virus. Do not be too often touched his mouth and nose regions at that season!

Yet this virus can also be inactivated by sunlight, soaps and disinfectants, so that still could be reduced risk of infection.

Dysentery

The main symptoms of diarrhea, with others such as Chapter accompanied by additional mucus or blood and is usually accompanied by fever. Dysentery can be caused by infection with Shigella bacteria, E. coli, Salmonella and Campylobacter jejuni. Also on toddlers can also be caused protozoan parasites such as Entamoeba infection hystolitica.

In the transition season, dysentery easily transmitted through food / drink contaminated. This disease can cause complications, so doctors need to get treatment as soon as possible

Cough

Cough is basically a foreign object out of the body mechanism in the upper respiratory tract. One of them, may be caused by the flu or a respiratory infection that causes mucus or inflammation of the respiratory tract.

In the transition season, where the flu virus and germs that cause many breed ARI, cough was getting into. Handle it, needs to be done before establishing the diagnosis of the cause or etiology, then the treatment can be given in accordance with the illness.

Typhus and Paratifus

Salmonella typhosa is that many are in the stagnant dirty water or soil, can migrate into food and beverages and enter into the digestive tract. These germs then cause inflammation of the intestine, causing symptoms of high fever, chills, weakness / fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite and sometimes accompanied by nausea, vomiting.

Necessary laboratory examination to confirm the diagnosis. If positive, you should immediately take it to the doctor to get proper treatment so that no complications occur and fatal disease.

Dengue Fever

In the transition season, dengue fever could become epidemic again. Generally in DHF endemic pockets, so there is certainly still reproduce aegipty aedes mosquitoes.

In early infection, a person suffering dengue fever will experience with headache, abdominal pain, and joint pain similar to flu symptoms. But when it took a few days, the condition of the patient's body is usually weaker. Spontaneous bleeding may occur in the skin of red spots (called petekhie), nosebleeds, bleeding gums and other.

On day 3 of fever, doctors generally will conduct laboratory examinations to diagnose the patient. DHF patients require a lot of fluid intake to prevent shock and deterioration that can come rapidly. We recommend that when suffering from symptoms such as sudden high fever, accompanied by headache, abdominal pain and does not respond well to heat-lowering drugs, should immediately consult a doctor to get treatment since early. And do not forget to always drink a lot.

Hepatitis A

In the transition season, you also need to be wary of hepatitis A. This virus can be spread through food and beverages and infect the liver.

The disease is characterized by nausea, vomiting continuously, weak / tired, and fever and can attack all ages. In advanced stages, the symptoms of hepatitis A can also be followed by the entire skin, and sclera eye yellow. When you find symptoms of fever accompanied by the whites of the eye ball is yellow, the patient should see a doctor immediately.

Prevent the Sweet!

Though as unpredictable, a disease in transition season could still be prevented, you know! Here are some how.

1. Immunization

Prevent some diseases that may appear in the season since the transition by giving the vaccine early. Among other things, the vaccine for typhoid fever, hepatitis A, measles vaccine, and so forth.

2. Nutritious Eating

Consumption of a complete and balanced nutritional food especially high protein content, vitamin A, vitamin C as antioxidants and minerals, especially zinc (zinc), so that the body has sufficient defense.

3. Environmental Conservation

Break the chain of disease by keeping the environment clean. And, to avoid the children from a potentially infectious disease, such as hospitals.

4. Do Good Habits

Do with family habits like washing hands every time they eat and when traveling, because it proved able to reduce infant mortality, diarrhea and the risk of bird flu.

To be breastfed Little Easy

2010-07-18T18:50:00.000-07:00

Many women complain of his mother's milk did not come out so that ultimately not feeding the baby. In fact, based on research results are known, from the 100 mothers who can not breastfeed claimed that only two people who proved his mother's milk did not come out. The remaining 98 people in just one technique alone. Well, so that mothers can breastfeed and your baby can breastfeed easily, tips following:

Find a comfortable position.
Comfortable position is that not make you feel tense and stiff. Do not lean forward so that your nipples get into the baby's mouth. Put a pillow on your lap to support the arm that embraces the baby and put the baby to your chest.

Hold the breast between your thumb and forefinger just above the areola.
To stimulate the baby's sucking reflex, bring the nipple to the cheeks so that her lips touched the corner. This will make the baby turn toward the touch. Do not press on both cheeks so that the baby's mouth is open because it only made him do not know where to turn. When the baby's mouth was open, gently insert the nipple into the center so the baby can be pinned. If necessary repeat this sequence until the baby can "hold" the nipple in his mouth. Do not force, but give a chance. That way, eventually the baby can take their own initiatives.

Make sure your baby's mouth went up to the nipple and around the areola.
Only sucking nipples, besides going to make baby still hungry because the milk glands that secrete milk was not depressed, also will make your nipples sore.

Make sure the baby is not sucking the lower lip or tongue.
You can check this by pulling the lower lip of the baby down while she was breastfeeding. If he seems to suck his own tongue, stop sucking your fingers. Remove the nipple and make sure he did not lift his tongue before you begin to put the nipple back.

Make sure your baby's nose was not blocked by your breast.
Use fingers to press the breast away from the nose so that there is enough space for him to breathe.

Note the movement of the baby's cheek.
Strong movement, regular and rhythmic suction marks on the baby's cheek ASI is underway. When the milk is flowing, you can hear the sucking sound that ensure ingestion not in vain.

Squeeze the milk when the flow is too strong.
When the milk out too quickly can make a baby to choke. Stop feeding and wring out a bit of breast milk by hand or pump to reduce the excess.

Dry the nipples after breastfeeding is over.
If possible, leave the nipples exposed to the air for 10-15 minutes. This will help strengthen the nipple and no longer needs to be done if the process of breastfeeding is going well.

Caution With Baby sitter

2010-06-21T19:56:00.000-07:00

Baby sitter was so important that when we can not be near the child. But that does not mean we should take it easy. There must remain vigilant

Recently in Taipei (Taiwan), a 3-month-old baby beaten caregivers. Beaten, thrown onto the sofa, and other harsh treatment. That any new light after the baby brother 2.5-year-old complained to his father and mother. She said, her brother had often treated as such by his babysitter.

Between believing and not, finally dipasanglah a camera to monitor and record what the caregivers. Sure enough, the nurse treating the baby with a little rough while only able to cry loudly. The scene was one had aired on television around the world, including Indonesia. "Of course, its impact on the child will be very great," commented Prof. Dr. Singgih D. Gunarsa very touched by the news about the rude treatment. Baby, Singgih said, is like a batter who has not been formed. "So hard and rough treatment that will map out something to him," explained Vice Chairman Tarumanagara Foundation. Could be when you grow up going to lose the delicacy of the baby, loss of temper, or lose the intimacy. Because all he got was not used due to rough treatment and hard more often received.

CHOOSE Nurse

Although these events took place in neighboring countries, but enough to make anxious parents, especially mothers who are forced to surrender on child support alias nanny babysitter because they have to work outside the home. It is also a concern Singgih so that he then reminds parents to be careful in choosing a nanny. "Do not just focus solely on caregiver skills. Notice also the factor of affection because a babysitter is a private figure who would be constantly in touch with the kids," said the former Head of Child Psychology and Development University of Indonesia.

Indeed, I Singgih, not easy to get a figure of caregivers who have a love of children. The problem is, the caregiver is not the mother who gave birth to the child directly. "In short, the babysitter was not prepared to become a mother," he said. Supplies they receive from any foundation, generally only limited ways to feed babies. About how to coax the baby to eat, for example, is not in the lesson.

In fact, not infrequently happens, how should wash dishes / drinks baby, still often should we teach and train. Well, no more talk about the knowledge related to infant growth and development. Very difficult to expect.

CHECK AND RICEK

So, remember not easy to choose and get the right nanny, babysitter Singgih likened the selection process similar to the selection of company employees. "The first thing should be relied upon is feeling or the feeling of the old man. We may not have the background to assess a caregiver with an objective way. So, like it or not we should use the feeling," said the author of numerous books on psychology and psychological development of this sport .

In addition, parents also need to consider how to talk to the prospective nanny. From there, said Singgih, can know how the caregivers respond to the baby. These responses will be to develop a way to talk to the baby. "Yes, do not require excellent grammar. The logical-logical. We, do, do not get to teach a caregiver to speak the language of regular and good." At least, from the tone of voice of the prospective nanny, parents can know whether his voice harsh or rough, and so forth.

However, even if the parents have found a nanny that "appropriate" for her baby, Singgih still ask that parents do not just rely on trust when using the services the caregivers. "How busy anything, parents should remain active to find out how the treatment of the caregivers of infants. The term, make checks and ricek. Do not let the parents give up entirely on trust babysitters."

Of course, surveillance and monitoring system is indeed not easy. But at least the parents have to keep trying to find the best solution. Well, one of the surveillance system is offered Singgih invite other people in the house to work together. Whether it's helper, driver or gardener. "So, while the parents go, get them to keep an eye on babysitters. If they have the intention to help them will certainly easier to work with."

FUSSY BABY

To find out if the baby is experiencing violence or not, can be detected by looking at it physically. For example, there is found a bruise on a particular part or in whole body. While a psychic, detection can be done by looking at the baby's fussiness. "Baby's fussiness is a short-term impact is easily recognizable when he was not treated properly from the caregivers," explained Singgih.

Well, if the baby's mother was always cranky, beware. That could be a sign of an imposition. Because, as stated by the Chairman of the Indonesian Child Foundation, "A force will always cause unpleasant feeling."

Furthermore, when parents realize or suspect the baby suffered physical violence, Singgih stressed the baby should be immediately withdrawn from the atmosphere. "Not just because we are then forced to entrust our babies to someone who we know are not good."

At the same time, immediately bring the baby to a specialist child mental observations, emotions, or health, so they can know how severe the violence experienced by the baby. "A child's physician will soon be able to detect, where a happy child or an unhappy child."

Then, if all the impact of this violence can be eliminated? Thankfully, the answer is, yes! Although the science of psychology, according to Singgih, violence can leave a "memory" in their own child's memory, but, nonetheless, still not set in stone. "The smaller the child, the greater the opportunity to improve. Therefore parents need to quickly replace the violence that has occurred with a touch of affection in children and of course parents need to take your child to the doctor's skill," said a professor at the Graduate Program UI and the University of Gajah Mada this.

Need Interview

One thing that is often forgotten by the mothers nurse their children when recruiting candidates is to conduct interviews. Often the mothers had had enough just to hear references from acquaintances that the foundation of his so-good babysitter, and then immediately receive the caregivers after calling the foundation. Gratitude if the mother can directly obtain a suitable caregiver and good, but if not?

Now, to prevent anything untoward, try to do the interview first. The following tips can help mothers in the interview:

* Is it neat and clean?

Note the appearance when you first met him. Dirty stained clothes, hair or looks uneven, dull and sticky because rarely washed, and nails, dirty hands is a bad sign.

* Is he disciplined enough?

This minimum can be known from the late-at least he was at the first meeting. When he arrived late, you may doubt discipline. Because, when it comes to little things he could not discipline, how such big issues with the feeding of children. I could have your baby will have irregular eating patterns.

* Is it fairly regularly?

When you ask him to show a letter from the foundation, if he stirred up the entire contents of her bag? If so, could be a sign he is not someone who regularly and tend to be careless.

* Is he physically can rely?

Besides the candidates should really physically healthy, you have to look her age. Do not let you choose the caregiver that he was already approaching middle age. Despite the age it can be said to have experienced at least he would have experienced caring for her own son but he was not reliable enough to hold the baby all day, either at the time of the new baby is born or when the baby has grown big.

To ensure the health condition of the caregivers, a reference check with his health on the part of the foundation. If you are not sure while you're already convinced with the candidates, it's worth checking your prospective nanny to the doctor. After all, it's for your kindness and your child as well.

* Does he seem fond of children?

To find out, you need to test it. Give time around 1-2 hours for the candidate with your baby. Watch and observe how the interaction between them. Does he have the patience, friendly, interested, sensitive, and respond to the needs of the baby?

* Does he seem smart?

You certainly want someone who can teach and entertain the baby, also can take the right decisions in difficult situations. Mode can test it by asking several questions, for example, what will he do when the baby crying, refusing to eat, sick, and so forth.

* Is he quite communicative?

From the way he speaks and answering your questions, this can be known. If speech or answer only a few words or just as needed, perhaps she was not a talkative person.

* Do you feel comfortable with it?

Despite all the above requirements can be met by the candidate, but if you still feel less comfortable, you should not try to force myself to accept it. For the good of the baby, you have to have a match with the caregivers. Thus, open communication between the two of you can be intertwined.

Ask the foundation to submit candidates for other caregivers. Or, you better come over there when the foundation has enough "stock" babysitter, so you also have many alternatives.

Various Therapies Autism Patients

2010-06-21T19:51:00.000-07:00

Various therapies made for people with autism

1. Drug Therapy (Medical)

Initially the drug is needed to help children concentrate, no eye contact, and increase interaction with the environment. However, it was not designed for a lifetime, because it is only useful to reduce or eliminate some symptoms, particularly to control disruptive behavior. Thus, the objective that the child is easier to managed.

Gradually reduced to a minimum dose of the drug. But when problems arise again later, the dosage of drug can be given as before anymore.

2. Diet Therapy

In some people with autism performed the diet of certain materials, so that children no longer have behavioral disorders such as hyperactivity. Diet including avoidance of sugar, fat, yeast, wheat, dairy, caffeine, gluten, food preservative, flavoring food, and food coloring. 3. Occupational Therapy

If there is muscle weakness or disturbance of fine motor development, for example, can not master something or hold a pencil, then do physiotherapy to train the muscles weak / stiff. This therapy helps children develop strength and coordination, with or without the use of tools.

4. Speech Therapy

All people with autism, speech and language impaired, so the therapy must be done by experts.

5. Behavior Therapy

Children are taught the general behaviors by giving reward and punishment. If he did what he was told correctly, then given a compliment. If on the contrary, he may sentence such as, 'Well, if you wants it continues, we will not be playing. " Of course the command is simple commands and easy to understand children.

This therapy is done at the institution in full from Monday-Friday and continued at home by parents. Therefore, parents should also have knowledge about the program through training.

High IQ was

Do not think autism is identical to the dummy. Indeed, recognized DR. Rudy Sutadi, DSA, about 70 percent of patients stated having mental retardation. "The causes can be many things. What is clear, if a child with autism can not be handled, yes, it can be said, including mental retardation. Because his IQ criteria under 75."

But if people with autism with an intensive and well managed, so many also had a high IQ. "There is his IQ 120-130. Even the 150." So, the child actually has the potential of high IQ. It's just that before managed his IQ was not measurable. Having managed only then known that her IQ was high. Later in life they can become an expert in his field. For example, painters Van Gogh and Leonardo Da Vinci. Their life history are expected autistic.

Another case when the autism was not addressed, there may be some of the symptoms reduced. But there is also the symptoms persist, intensified, or even that there was not so appear. In principle, Said Rudy, autism is not well managed with autism remains. "One if parents expect their children can be 'cured' with increasing age. It will further grow its gap-judging from the graphic development. Maybe a few months but the long-unseen and more visible."

It's Ready to Have Second Child?

2010-06-21T19:39:00.000-07:00

What should you do if the couple wanted another child while you're not ready? Nobody can answer that question, unless you and your children are already born first.

This question is a difficult question. Some say, even more difficult than we first decided to have her first child.

You see, this is not just a matter of "having children" but rather a change in the family. By adding a child, lifestyle, finance, employment, family relationships, and of course the relationship with children who are already there first, be different. And often we hear people say, "Add a child means the job his father and mother be double."

There's a good idea before deciding pregnant again, search for information. Both of your doctors, experts, family and friends. Ask their opinion, when the right time to add a child. Think positive and negative aspects and you alone must make decisions.
WHEN THE RIGHT TIME

For most people, the decision to add more children due to the time factor, ie when the right time. The question is, should not add children directly after the first child so they can play together and for your own means do not bother to take care of a kid again later or actually makes a certain distance to the next pregnancy.

Research has shown, the distance from one child to the next child ranged from two to three years.

Here are the results of research that shows the distance between two children:

* Waiting until 18 -23 months to get pregnant again after giving birth, is a good time for the health of the baby was conceived.

According to experts, contains a baby less than six months after the first baby, can cause premature birth (40 percent) or infant birth weight less. And pregnancy with a distance of 10 years after her first child, had a risk two-fold in the pre-birth.

* Birth intervals 24 to 35 months are also ideal. If less than that distance, usually have a risk of birth weight less. The mother may take longer to recover from the stress and restore the body's condition after the previous pregnancy.

* When the first child aged under one yahun or above the fourth year, is the perfect time to have another child.

It is based on the relationship of brothers with their parents, sibling rivalry, and their confidence. Children under one year have not felt privileged status they had, while children aged 4 years was enough content to enjoy the attention from his parents. Plus they already have their own busyness.

BEFORE DECIDING

There is no science that can dictate anything, what should we do when it comes to love and desire. So, below are some things that can be taken into consideration before making a decision.

* How old is the oldest now?

In this case, there is no right or wrong answers, although the above has explained that you should postpone the next pregnancy when the preceding child was still under the age of 6 months. Many who argue, increasing the age of a child, the better.

Thus they have a lot to pass time with you and they already understand when spoken to about the presence of a brother. There also are considered, with the age difference is not too far away, it can be a playmate for your toddler. You do not even bother to look after small children again.

* How does the presence of a new brother to change lifestyle?

Do you have established with our daily life with your kids that there are right now? Do you have a good way of child care? Does the whole house can sleep peacefully tonight? Are you and your spouse have enough time for both of us? Maybe you need to go back to work and whether you'd enjoy it?

These are all important elements that must be considered when deciding to get pregnant again. Remember, the presence of the baby will take up your time. Think careful whether you will have enough time and energy to care for another baby and if your kids are ready to have another brother again. You may decide, one child is enough.

* How is the financial condition?

It's true, money is not everything. Tap, after all, we must realize, for raising children, we need the money. Account the money that would be required for each child for day-to-day needs such as food, clothing, clutter needs, and most of all is the need for education and health. You should consider your livelihood.

Create a clear calculation, adjust the salaries. Many mothers who continue to work hard to keep a second child after the third or trouble hearing because the child affairs. Can you know when to stop working, if it seems you have to live? Or Can you pay a baby sitter if still want to work?

* How old are you?

Like it or not, the age factor is an important factor. Especially for women. If you are aged 38 years and still wants two more children, you can not get pregnant with the distance between a child aged three years and the other one.

If you are under 30 and have no health problems that endanger the pregnancy, you still have the opportunity to manage your time. Many women can still be pregnant at the age of the early 40s but the average fertility decreases dramatically when you reach the age of 35 years.

Discuss the problem of age with a partner. Many couples that have been considered from the start, at what age they will have the last child.

* Are you & spouse agree?

Sometimes only one who is ready, while her partner was not ready. It is not easy to always run parallel to each other. This is an issue that is not easy to handle.

What is clear, the first step that needs to be done is to talk about the differences between the two of you. Discuss your point of view alone.

Could have at that time no decisions could be done, but at least, each spouse will understand what is desired pasangannya.Bila necessary, consult with your doctor or someone with more experience.

* What is your heart?

Of course you can read a series of rules and definitions of positive and negative sides of this issue, but most important was the decision taken in accordance with your conscience. Follow your gut.

If you want your child and your partner feel the same way, maybe it will change your life.

Recognize Signs Childbirth Contractions

2010-05-09T05:00:00.000-07:00

When approaching the time of delivery, pregnant women will feel the contractions of the stomach. But what kind of shows contraction of pregnant women must get to the hospital for delivery?

The delivery process usually begins when the uterus began to contract regularly and these contractions will get stronger the longer and often.

These uterine contractions to help push the baby toward the birth canal and the cervix pulled upward, thus allowing more wide open cervix in preparation for the release of the baby's head.A few women there who have experience told to go back home or take a walk because there is something that has not happened.

Most of the delivery process will start very slowly and gently, so some questions will arise whether it was time or not.

As quoted from BBCHealth, Thursday (05/06/2010) consists of a network of women's uterine muscle fibers. At the peak of contraction, muscle fibers will reach a length of the shortest and intense pain that arises.

It feels like strong menstrual pain, or like a belt tightening in the abdomen and sometimes the pain seemed to rear back and front.

Muscle fibers were then relaxed and the contractions to fade, but will return to the muscle fibers are shorter than the previous. At that time the baby is pressed and the cervix begins to open a little wider.

When to go to the doctor after a contraction?

One of the things that must be understood is not too rushed to the hospital when the contractions had just begun. Mothers should stay at home with a calm and relaxed and follow how the flow of the contraction that occurred. Know how often the contractions are strong and appear, as this will determine when someone should immediately go to the doctor.

During the interval of waiting, the mother can do fun things that help women feel relaxed. When the contractions started lasted for 30-60 seconds and occurs every five minutes, mothers can prepare themselves to go to the hospital.

But if a pregnancy occurs for a second or third child should go to the hospital until contractions are five minutes or so, because the birth process is usually faster than the first.

The longer the contraction will be longer and start to overlap and the mother will feel the sensation to push during that time. But mothers should not do that until the doctors had ordered her to do so.

There are some signs that indicate someone is approaching time of delivery, namely:

Contractions are more frequent and stronger contractions usually last more than 40 seconds and can be three times within 10 minutes of contractions. Contractions are happening too fast and becoming more and more intense.
Appear pink mucus from the cervix obstruction. Labor can occur at any time after this condition, there is rapid but there is also a long time. We recommend that you consult your doctor if this happens.
Rupture of amniotic fluid. This marked the outbreak of the membranes holding the amniotic sac containing the baby and amniotic fluid. This condition can occur suddenly or gradually. If this happens, immediately to the hospital so the baby does not have an infection or poisoning of amniotic fluid.

10 Best and Worst Places to Be Mom

2010-05-09T04:54:00.000-07:00

Being a mother is one moment of happiness for women, especially if it can be in the best places to be a mother. Whichever place best and worst to be a mother?

Save the Children conducted a survey and compare Mother 160 countries around the world to find any country that can rank the best and worst countries for mothers and children.

The ratings are based on health, education and economic status of mothers and children.As quoted from WebMD, Friday (5/7/2010), the following 10 best country to become a mom:
Norway
Australia
Iceland
Sweden
Danish
New Zealand
Finland
Netherlands
Belgium
German

While the 10 worst countries to be a mother:
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Sudan
Mali
Democratic Republic of Congo
Yemen
Guinea-Bissau
Chad
Niger
Afghanistan

Why do many countries in Africa, Afghanistan also became the worst place to be a mother? In Afghanistan and countries in Africa, only 15 percent of births attended by health personnel, and one of eight women died from pregnancy or childbirth-related child issues.

According to the survey, the United States there is only ranked 28th. Maternal mortality rate in the United States is one of 4800, as well as not providing enough state maternity policy which is responsible for the lower classes of society.

Women in the United States five times more likely to die from causes related to pregnancy than women in Bosnia, Herzegovina, Greece, or Italy. And 10 times larger than the women in Ireland.

The United States also highly rated in the mortality rate among children under five years old. Noted 8 of 1000 children die before reaching age 5 years.

"While the situations in the United States needs to be improved, the mothers in developing countries are being faced far greater risks to health was also his son, 'said Mary Beth Powers, chief of Save the Children's Newborn and Child Survival Campaign.

According to Beth Powers, a lack of auxiliary power delivery and the challenges in accessing family planning tool, causing women in developing countries face many pregnancies and births are more risky and caused death of mother and child.

Well, what about Indonesia?

Nausea in Pregnant Women Can Indicates Flu

2010-05-09T04:37:00.000-07:00

Dallas, After the first trimester, the nausea experienced by pregnant women generally will subside. If it still happens in the next trimester, caution must be taken because it could be a symptom of the flu.

Quoted from ScienceDaily, Sunday (05/09/2010), researchers from UT Southwestern Medical Center, noticed this in the years 2003-2004. During this period, flu symptoms appeared more severe than usual.

Number of patients is also greater than expected. Presumably, the currently available vaccines is inconsistent with the strain of virus that spreads.span The researchers recorded 107 pregnant women at Parkland Memorial Hospital, Dallas was diagnosed with the flu during this period. Of these, 93 percent had cough and 89 percent have a fever.

As many as 85 percent experienced increased heart rate, 60 percent experienced nausea, vomiting. Symptoms are similar to morning sickness which is commonly found in pregnant women.

Almost two thirds of participants who experienced flu require further treatment. Complications The most they experience is pneumonia, which is 12 percent.

In adults, symptoms of nausea, vomiting often accompanies the flu. But according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention USA (CDC), such symptoms are commonly found in children.

In that study did not found other complications in pregnant women suffering from the flu. Babies who are born are also reported to be unaffected.

"At least by recognizing the symptoms, the flu can be handled early," said Dr. Vanessa Rogers who led the research.

The results are published in the journal Obstetrics and Gynecology May 2010 edition.

Breakfast and Eat High Fat Boy Got chance

2010-03-09T22:04:00.000-08:00

Missouri, What should a woman consumed in the early stages of her pregnancy in order to influence the sex of the conceived? Researchers reveal to eat breakfast and high fat consumption may increase the chances of giving birth son.

Scientists claim the women who ate breakfast in the morning and high in fat at the time of conception are more likely to have boys. Meanwhile, consumption of diets low in fat and more possible long had a daughter.

"Consumption of high calorie generally allows for the delivery boys, while consumption is low in calories tend to produce daughters," said Dr. Cheryl Rosenfeld of the University of Missouri, as quoted from the Telegraph, Tuesday (9/3/2010).

Researchers analyzed gene in pregnant rat placenta (the organ just like humans) are being fed high-fat or carbohydrates and pregnant rats fed low-calorie foods. It turned out that each group has a different effect.

The results obtained in terms of changes in gender, female fetus is more sensitive to her mother's food intake and there are several genes that is affected. After the 12th day of 2000 found differences in genes, including genes involved in kidney function and sense of smell (the smell).

Researchers concluded that the expression of genes in the mouse placenta is formed by what she consumed. The study published in Proceedings Of The National Academy of Sciences was followed two years earlier studies that maternal food intake during pregnancy can affect baby's gender.

The result, obtained was high-calorie diet and regular breakfast may increase the chances of giving birth son.

This study also showed that calorie intake is higher during the time of conception can alter the chances of having boys for every 10-11 of 20 birth.

Increased opportunities gave birth to a boy because of the food consumed tend to contain a variety of nutrients including potassium, calcium, vitamin C, E and B12.

Vaginal varicose veins when you're pregnant

2010-03-09T21:40:00.000-08:00

In pregnant women, varicose veins are not only attacking the legs but also the vagina and anus. If you do not watch out, this condition can be dangerous because it can inhibit the normal birth process, or vaginal.

gar more aware of the symptoms of varicose veins should be identified and how to avoid them
Are varicose veins that?

arises is through the blood vessels under the skin or mucous membranes (mucosa) is widened and curved or circular valve due to abnormalities in the blood vessels. Varicose veins usually occur on the hands and feet, but in some people can occur in other places such as the stomach, rectum (large intestine near the anus), vagina, scrotum, and vulva (genital lips). Itching or skin color changes to blue is characteristic of varicose veins of the most easily recognizable.

Symptoms of varicose veins vagina

* Usually the mother or the doctor to detect touch by the vagina, if you feel there is a bulge it has mengalai pregnant vaginal varicose veins.
* Pregnant women complain tired and pale.

Why do pregnant women experience it?

Approximately 20-30% of pregnant women have varicose veins. Varices generally occur in the pelvic area and lower limbs. This is because the blood vessels in this area are closely related to the uterus. In addition, pregnancy causes hormonal changes women experience, especially the increase in the hormone progesterone. Well, this is the hormonal changes that make the elasticity of blood vessel walls growing, so the walls of blood vessels (both arteries and veins) more flexible. As a result, blood vessels become bigger and wider.

Dilation of blood vessels is necessary to meet the needs of the fetus, so that blood flow and blood volume were increased in pregnant women can tersuplai well, until the growth of the fetus was a normal place.

Risk factors

There are many risk factors (not causes) that can increase the likelihood of varicose veins during pregnancy is heredity, overweight (obesity), the wrong posture for too long such a long time sitting or standing, use of birth control pills or estrogen treatment, the selection of maternity clothing , such as too tight. Pregnant more than twice as well as pregnancy over the age of 40 years.

Influence on the birth process

Pregnant women who experience vaginal varicose veins, can still be through normal delivery. However, if the veins of the vagina suffered severe, doctors usually recommend surgery to minimize the risk of fault rupture of blood vessel walls due to trauma / laceration road when the baby is born. Vaginal varicose veins if terdekteksi can cause slow bleeding that caused the death of the mother.

Precautions

Until now there has been no special tools to prevent vaginal varicose veins in pregnant women. But if pregnant women diligently picked up the foot by placing it on a pillow when napping or reading a book, a lot can help blood flow. This method is able to reduce the burden that must be supported by foot. Avoid the use of shoes, preferably with a maximum of 2 cm right to the blood flow was blocked. Then during sleep, try not to lie only in a position to avoid pressure on the blood vessels in one place. (from various sources)

Expressed Pregnant, 4 Hours Later Live Birth

2010-03-09T21:36:00.000-08:00

London, strange but true story that Belinda Waite suffered a hairdresser in the UK 21-year-old. During the 9 months he was never known to get pregnant. But after doctors detected her pregnancy, 4 hours later the baby is born straight.

Initially, Belinda always feel stomach pain and and by the local the local hospital in Tiverton area, he allegedly suffered irritable bowel syndrome, or Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). IBS disease causes abdominal pain, diarrhea and constipation.

Belinda admitted she had never felt well for several months before the birth of a surprise. Which is a big body does not make him and his people think she was pregnant.

"I felt like there was something moving inside me every growing month. But I never considered pregnant and the doctor did not seem to think so," said Belinda who is unmarried status as they are not legally married to her partner as reported by the Telegraph, Wednesday (10 / 3 / 2010).

As Christmas of 2009, Belinda and then to the hospital again after his hands and his feet were swollen and the doctor said he suffered from gout (rheumatoid arthritis) and allergies.

Then on February 6, 2010 or the night before his son was born, Belinda returned to the hospital because she felt pain all over his body.

At 10 pm, doctors confirmed she was pregnant but had only three months, when actually she was 9 months pregnant. Then Belinda came home, but in the morning or 2:30 at 4.5 hours after being told Belinda pregnant direct delivery.

Baby girl born at home with the birth mother's partner assisted Wyane Sylvia. First baby was named after Louise Boyles who is the son of her partner named Wyane Boyles (28 years). Baby girl was born with a weight of 3.6 kilograms.

"Everything happened so fast, we got no time to think. No one can believe that we like suddenly having children," said Belinda.

Hospitals run by government-owned health services UK (NHS / The National Health Service) are not willing to comment, why a woman was so late when it was pregnant.

The main causes of vaginal discharge

2009-11-05T19:21:00.000-08:00

Vaginal discharge experienced by women are made uncomfortable, but no one else is normal vaginal discharge. What actually causes vaginal discharge? Discharge is caused by glands in the uterus and vagina carry out cells - dead cells and bacteria with mucus expenses, vaginal mucus discharge is causing us keep it clean and help prevent infection.

Actually proper when a woman has vaginal discharge, and the number of colors can vary, ranging from clear to slightly yellowish, such as milk, is associated with the menstrual cycle. You also may notice a difference in the amount of vaginal discharge or odor from it.

If you are experiencing fertility, lactation or in a state of arousal, vaginal discharge obtained quite naturally. The smell can change If you are pregnant or not clean in your own hygiene. Maybe it would be better if you Know what conditions can cause abnormal vaginal discharge this.Changes in the balance of bacteria in the vagina may Affect color, smell and texture of white too. Here are some conditions that can cause or change the balance of bacteria levels (pH) vaginal acid:

1. The use of antibiotics and streoid Thus causing bacteria long enough "good" guard dead vaginal pH and fungi flourish.
2. Bacterial vaginosis, a bacterial infection that is common in pregnant women or in women who have many sexual partners
3. Use of birth control pills because hormones influence the balance and imbalance in pH occurred
4. Cervical cancer
5. Chlamydia, gonorrhea, which is a sexually transmitted infection
6. Thus, diabetes is not controlled high blood sugar causes the sugar in the blood and urine and cause bacteria to flourish.
7. The use of soap Wash your vagina for disturbing the pH balance of the vagina
8. Pelvic infection after surgery
9. Pelvic inflammatory disease
10. Trichomoniasis, a parasitic infection that is usually due to sex is not safe
11. Vaginal atrophy, dryness and thinning vaginal walls due to menopause
12. Vaginitis, the condition is inflammation and irritation around the vagina
13. Fungal infections

Want to have children

2009-10-21T07:43:00.000-07:00

One benefit of the charity is given offspring. Many success stories in doing alms to
they are endowed with a child. I include a link that is one story that proves the truth of charity benefits.
The logic of how that charity can provide descendants?
Offspring of human beings is the mandate of God or in other words, children are God's people entrusted to the selected.
Then who is selected? Of course, people are able to trust them.
How about a stingy man, whether he was entitled to trust them? It may be that Allah the Exalted also be stingy and did not entrust him to the relevant mandate. atu
indeed stingy people who will not be able to keep the mandate. Could be, because the nature pelitnya, the offspring would not be mandated well cared for. And people who are not charitable equated with a stingy person.
On top of that logic can only be understood by humans. But the decision belongs entirely to God.

SIGNS OF PREGNANCY

2009-10-21T07:39:00.000-07:00

A husband and wife must have been longing for a descendant of the marriage because it
This is a joy and pride of the couple. Many things can be done to have children, but how to know if a mother is pregnant or not? Can now easily use the tools that we call the test-pack.Alat is very useful because of its accuracy and can easily be purchased at drug stores. In addition, there are several ways to know the signs of pregnancy are:

1. Breasts tightened and hardened nipples.
Changes can be seen after the coming months too late about two to three weeks, your breasts will feel more firm and nipples were more prominent and harden.

2. Stomach cramps and rash.
the lower abdomen will feel tight and hard, as his red spots, indicating that the embryo embedded in the uterine wall.

3. Areola (the circle around the nipple) darker
These changes occur because the pores around the nipples enlarged. This allows the baby to his mother menusu.

4. Excessive fatigue
Because of hormonal changes, it will increase metabolism tubuhpun or adjust.

5. Nausea and vomiting
Nausea and vomiting in the morning is called morning sickness, although her mother did not always feel it in the morning, but could also in the daytime, evening or night in the first weeks of pregnancy.

6. Frequent urination
Caused by fetal growth suppress bladder wall.

7. Constipation
Pengingkatan due to relaxation of the muscles of the digestive tract due to hormonal changes the body so that the drainage system work more slowly

8. Increased temperature
This condition occurs usually up to two weeks of early pregnancy

9. Not getting pregnant
This is a sure sign. Because the fetus is formed, the body does not make the cleaning process.

After the above signs perceived by the mother and the test pack, the next step is to check the content to the right doctor for your child's birth went smoothly and safely.

3 pre pregnancy important vaccinations

2009-08-29T03:52:00.000-07:00

In Indonesia, specifically pregnancy preparation by vaccination is still rarely performed. Most women had come to the doctor after pregnancy they entered the age of one or two months. In fact, pre pregnancy vaccine is important for fetal growth. Moreover in the first 8 weeks when the phase of embryological progress. At this time the mother's health should be well maintained, so as not to affect fetal growth.

There are three types of vaccines that need to get pre-pregnancy mothers to protect the fetus, namely: 1. MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella)

Rubella is an infection of the marked symptoms of red spots (pink-red rash) on the face and then spread to other body parts. The disease is accompanied by mild fever and enlarged lymph nodes. Pregnant women who are infected rubella in the first three months, risky and impaired fetal development establishment, by 50-85%.

Rubella-infected fetus, abnormalities called congenital rubella syndrome. Abnormalities that may include eye problems (cataracts), heart, or a smaller head circumference (microcephaly). At the age of 16-20 weeks of pregnancy, birth defects experienced by the fetus is hearing loss or deafness. While rubella infection in pregnancy advanced maternal age (more than 20 weeks) rarely causes birth defects. Babies who have disabilities due to rubella will continue to carry these disorders during their lives. Generally 1 in 10 babies who suffered rubella infection will die within one year of age. Nothing can be done to the fetus if the period of rubella-infected pregnant mothers.

2. Vaccination TT (tetanus toxoid)

Tetanus is a disease caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani toxin. Is also called lockjaw because sufferers often experience muscle spasms in the jaw. Tetanus bacteria enter the body through wounds. If the mother is exposed to bacteria during the birth process, infection can occur in the mother's womb and the umbilical newborn (Tetanus neonatorum). TT vaccination is usually offered to the couple since I was a prospective bride. Unfortunately, many couples who refused. This happens due to misunderstanding. Many thought that the TT vaccine is a contraceptive injection for spacing pregnancies. Although cases of pregnant women suffering from tetanus is rare in early preventive measures still good right?

3. Hepatitis
epatitis is an inflammation of the liver caused by a virus. Infection can be caused both acute and chronic. The majority of patients will become career (carriers) without clinical symptoms but can transmit the disease because the blood is viral hepatitis. Besides the blood, the virus can be found in the urine, feces, and saliva, depending on the type of virus. The nature of transmission of the virus which is very easy, cause hepatitis can be transmitted mother to fetus during pregnancy, at birth, or afterwards. Risk of transmission remains high, even if the baby was born by cesarean. Although no defects found in babies infected with hepatitis B in the womb or if the mother in pregnancy have hepatitis B, these babies may suffer from diseases such as chronic liver of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis hepatis and hepatomas (liver tumors are malignant).

Am I Pregnant?

2009-08-18T08:52:00.000-07:00

If you're unusually tuned into your body, you might begin to suspect that you're pregnant within the first few days of pregnancy. But most women don't suspect they are pregnant until they miss a period, and a few don't suspect or believe they are pregnant for months after conception.

Here are 5 common signs of early pregnancy. You may experience all, some or none of these symptoms.

1. A Missed Period: Missing your period is the most clear-cut sign of pregnancy. But it is not definitive, as stress or other factors may cause irregular periods.
2. Frequent Trips to the Bathroom: Even before missing a period, most pregnant women report having to go to the bathroom more often. You may even have to get up during the night! This occurs after the embryo has implanted in the uterus and begins producing the pregnancy hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). This hormone triggers frequent urination.
3. Fatigue: Utter exhaustion is a very early sign of pregnancy. Fatigue is a result of high levels of the hormone progesterone.
4. Morning (and Noon and Night!) Sickness: Guess what? That queasy feeling isn't limited to mornings. Most pregnant women who experience morning sickness feel slightly nauseated at other times during the day as well. About half have vomiting, but very few have severe enough morning sickness to develop dehydration and malnutrition.
5. Sore (and Enlarged) Breasts: If you're pregnant, your breasts will probably become increasingly tender to the touch, similar to the way they feel before your period, only more so. Once your body grows accustomed to the increase in hormones, the pain will subside.

If you have any of the above symptoms, consider taking a pregnancy test as soon as possible.

Common Causes of Depression

2009-08-18T08:50:00.000-07:00

Health experts' understanding of depression has come a long way in the last few decades. In many cases, depression doesn't have only one cause. It often results from a mix of biology, psychology, and stressful or traumatic events.
Reasons for depression include:

* Biology. Researchers still have a lot to learn about exactly why people become depressed. But some experts say depression often results from an imbalance of certain chemicals in the brain. These chemicals are called neurotransmitters. Antidepressants work by affecting the levels of these chemicals — bringing them back into balance.
There's also a genetic connection. If depression runs in your family, you have a higher chance of becoming depressed.
Having other general health conditions or diseases can increase your risk of depression. For instance, if you have a heart attack, you have a 65% risk of becoming depressed afterwards. Conditions such as cancer, heart disease, thyroid problems, and many others increase your risk of becoming depressed.
Your gender makes a difference, too. Women are about twice as likely as men to become depressed. No one's sure why. But the hormonal changes that women go through at different times of their lives may be a factor. Psychology. Studies show that people who have a pessimistic personality are more likely to become depressed. This doesn't mean that getting a "better attitude" will resolve your depression.
* Stressful events. Many people become depressed during difficult times. Losing a family member or close friend, being diagnosed with a serious illness, going through a divorce, or any other traumatic event may trigger depression.
* Medications and substances. Many prescription drugs can cause the symptoms of depression. Alcohol or substance abuse is common in depressed people. It often makes their condition worse.
Some people have a clear sense of why they become depressed. Others don't. The most important thing to remember is that depression is not your fault. It's not a flaw in your character. It's a disease that can affect anyone.

Reviewed by Brunilda Nazario, MD

6 Sex Mistakes Women Make

2009-08-18T08:46:00.000-07:00

Ladies, be honest: when your sex life becomes a little humdrum, out comes the mental catalogue of all the ways your partner isn’t quite measuring up. Guys tend to get a bad rap when it comes to understanding women’s bodies and what turns us on, making them easy targets in the blame game when sexual satisfaction starts to wane. And sure, they make their fair share of bedroom errors. But as the saying goes, it takes two to tango. As it turns out, top sex and relationship experts say that women make plenty of sex mistakes of their own. Here’s what they have to say about the six most common mistakes women make in the bedroom and what you can do to get the satisfaction you so rightly deserve.
Sex Mistake #1: Not Initiating Sex With Your Partner

It’s 2009 and still, many of us worry about ladylike behavior. We don’t want to appear pushy or come on too strong for fear of being labeled aggressive. According to Les Parrot, professor of psychology at Seattle Pacific University and author of a new book called Crazy Good Sex, failing to initiate sex is one of the biggest mistakes women make.

“Most guys feel like they are always the initiator and that sets up disequilibrium on the passion scale in the relationship,” he says. Generally, men want to be pursued by their partners just as much as women do.

Holding onto outdated ideas about sex roles also inhibits satisfaction with our sexual relationships, says "Dr. Ruth," aka Ruth Westheimer, PhD, a psychosexual therapist, professor at New York University, and lecturer at Yale and Princeton universities. “They used to think that women are less interested in sexual activity and I don’t want to say that anymore. I think there are women who are as interested in sex [as men].”

Show your interest by taking the first step from time to time. Your partner will likely appreciate it, and you may find a new level of satisfaction in taking responsibility for your sexual experience, something Westheimer feels strongly women must do.
Sex Mistake #2: Worrying About What You Look Like

Thinking about how you look during sex stops you from enjoying yourself and ruins your chances of achieving an orgasm.

“Don’t think about the fat on your belly or the makeup on your face,” advises Westheimer. “Concentrate on the pleasure of the act. You must give yourself permission to have an orgasm.”

“Men want their wives to abandon themselves in sex play, and that’s not likely if she is anxious about her physical concerns,” Parrott says.

Helen Fisher, PhD, a cultural anthropologist at Rutgers University and author of a new book called Why Him, Why Her, says men don’t notice half the things women obsess about anyway.

“It’s amazing what men don’t notice if you’re enthusiastic, energetic, interested in them, and flexible minded.”

According to Fisher, there is an evolutionary explanation for the selective blindness men show to our physical flaws. For Darwinian reasons, says Fisher, men are (unconsciously, of course) looking for women who are able to bear healthy babies. Starting millions of years ago, men who attracted fertile women and had a lot of children lived on. Those who couldn’t died out. Although maybe not as necessary today, Fisher says that primal survival mechanism lives on.

“Men are much more attracted to women who show signs of health and youth and fertility. Rather than worry about the shape of your waist and hips, worry about your energy level and enthusiasm and interest in him,” Fisher advises.
Sex Mistake #3: Assuming Sex Is Casual for a Man

Westheimer believes we should all let go of old-fashioned notions, such as women are not sexual or that sex is just sex to men. “For some men, sex is a very important act. Don’t minimize it.”

The research, says Parrott, supports the idea that both men and women find sexual intimacy in the context of a committed relationship to be more satisfying.

“Numerous research studies make it very clear that the people who have the best quality and most frequent sex are married couples. That says a lot about the inadequacies of ‘casual sex,” Parrot says.

In a study being conducted by Fisher and her colleagues of university students engaging in one-night stands, the numbers show that men are just as serious about sex and relationships as women. In fact, more than 50% of women and 52% of men who went into a one-night stand, according to Fisher, reported that they did so hoping to create a longer relationship. One-third of them actually did so. What’s the lesson?

“Never assume that a man is not romantic,” Fisher says. “Two huge mistakes in this culture are that women are not sexual and that men are not as romantic [as women].”
Sex Mistake #4: Believing He’s Always Up for Sex

Sure, most teenage boys are ready and willing just about any time you ask, but not true for men. The pressures of everyday life -- family, work, bills -- can zap a man’s libido. This comes as a big surprise to many women, and often his lack of interest in sex is something we take personally.

“It comes as such a shock [to women] that they just don’t believe it,” Fisher says about the reaction many women have when their partner says they aren’t in the mood for sex. “They know themselves that they are not always interested in sex but they still love the man. But when they discover he doesn’t want to have sex, they think, ‘he doesn’t love me.’ Not true. He just doesn’t want to have sex.”

Talking very directly about sex, what we like and don’t like can make us feel uncomfortable, even with a partner we’ve been with for a long time and otherwise feel close to, says Parrott. But it’s the only way to achieve a satisfying sexual relationship.

“A woman must take responsibility for her sexual encounter,” says Westheimer. “No man can bring a woman to orgasm if she doesn’t take responsibility for her sexual experience. Even the best lover can’t know what she needs without her letting him know.”

The good news, according to Fisher, is that men very much want to please women.

“If you can tell them in a way that doesn’t kill their ego, they will appreciate it,” says Fisher. She advises women to sandwich what they don’t like in between five things they do, because he’s listening. “You won’t find out until the next time you’re in bed with him. But men do listen, particularly if you’re quite clear about it.”
Sex Mistake #6: Getting Upset When He Suggests Something New

After a couple has been together for a while, it’s natural to want to spice things up with a little variety. Just because your man wants to try something new doesn’t mean he’s unhappy with you or your sex life. In short: Don’t take it personally.

Still, it’s important that you tune into your comfort zone says Parrott.

“Nobody should ever feel obligated to do something they don’t want to do in the personal and intimate area of sexuality,” Parrott says. “If your man asks you about trying something that’s outside of your morals, make it clear that it’s off limits for you and explain why. Of course, do this in a loving way as best you can. If it is something that is not really a moral issue for you but you still don’t want to, again explain why. If it is a simply a startling request and you’re initially uneasy about it, try not to overreact. Instead, let him know you need some time to think about it.”

By Lisa Zamosky
Reviewed by Louise Chang, MD

5 Things You Didn't Know About Masturbation

2009-08-18T08:41:00.000-07:00

Although men may joke and tease each other about their solo sexual activity, women are typically less forthcoming about their own self-pleasuring. With a very close friend, some may compare notes discretely about the best vibrators or the stress relief going solo can provide.

But women's masturbation is not generally a common topic of conversation among girlfriends. Maybe it should be, say sex therapists. They point out that women's masturbation can have benefits both for health and relationships. Here are five things about masturbation women may not know:
1. "Normal" masturbation in women takes many forms.

Most women, like men, have masturbated at least once in their lives, research suggests. Frequency varies, and there's no "normal" for that. There's no ''normal" cutoff age, either, with the practice continuing into the 80s and beyond.

Women may feel guilty about it, especially if they are in a committed relationship, but there’s no need for guilt, sex therapists say. Sometimes a partner is tired, out of town, or otherwise unavailable. And it doesn't mean a woman needs to go without.

There is no one "method" of masturbation in women that's normal. "A range of ways is 'normal,''' says Paul Joannides, PsyD, a psychoanalyst in Waldport, Ore.

Fingers and vibrators are two common methods of women's masturbation. More than half of 2,056 women, aged 18 to 60, used a vibrator either during masturbation or intercourse, says Debby Herbenick, PhD, MPH, associate director of the Center for Sexual Health Promotion at Indiana University, Bloomington, who led the survey.

Other women who masturbate report they use the back of a vibrating toothbrush head, the handle of a hairbrush, or water jets in the bathtub, Joannides says.

Although some experts worry about side effects from vibrator use, such as genital numbness or pain, less than 30% of the women in Herbenick's vibrator survey said they had experienced them.

But another expert, Frank Sommers, MD, a Toronto psychiatrist, worries that excessive vibrator use during masturbation could desensitize women to orgasms with a partner. “I tell my patients, ‘Look on a vibrator as whipped cream -- you wouldn’t want to eat it every day.’’’

He believes too much vibrator use ‘’habituates your autonomic nervous system to such stimulation that a human could not duplicate it.”
2. Masturbation can improve your mood -- without the ''obligations'' of partnered sex.

However a woman chooses to masturbate, it can improve her spirits. "It can improve a depressed mood," says Kathleen Segraves, PhD, a sex therapist and associate professor of psychiatry at Case Western Reserve University and a therapist at Metrohealth Medical Center in Cleveland, Ohio. "Not clinical depression, but the 'blue funk' days."

"With solo sex, there is no distraction, and you can focus on your own experience without making sure someone else is having a good time," she says.

It doesn't mean you don't love your partner, maybe just that you need to think only about yourself sometimes, experts say. "The woman doesn't have to be outside her head, wondering, 'Am I taking too long?'" Segraves says.

3. Masturbation can improve your sex life with your partner.

Women who masturbate on a regular basis learn what feels good for them, Segraves says. "It helps build sexual confidence," she says. "It helps you guide the partner when you have a partner.”

You can say, for instance: "Please put your hand here," and not be embarrassed, she says.

Women who use a vibrator during masturbation tend to have better sexual functioning with a partner, Herbenick says.

Sex therapists typically recommend masturbation for women who have a difficult time reaching orgasm. It can help them learn about their body and feel less self-conscious.

"We know that women compared to men have a harder time learning to orgasm," Herbenick says. Masturbating can help, and masturbating with a vibrator may help even more, she says. "Using a vibrator, for reasons we don't understand, helps women orgasm." The survey is published in the Journal of Sexual Medicine.

Those who used a vibrator, she found, even if it had been a year since the use, "had better sexual functioning in terms of vaginal lubrication, desire, arousal and ease of orgasm, and they tended to have less pain or discomfort during intercourse."

But "it may be that those who don't find sex painful tend to use a vibrator,” she says.
4. Masturbation can help you relax.

Women are more apt than men to over-analyze a bad day and think: "How could I have done this better?" They are more likely than men, some researchers have found, to replay an argument or bad interaction with people in their head. It all adds up to excess stress.

Researchers call this rumination, and it has been linked in numerous studies to depression.

"If you can start pleasuring yourself, that will often interfere with ruminations," Segraves says. "Not all the time," she says. But it may help.
5. Masturbation can provide pain relief.

Women who masturbate often report that it helps relieve menstrual cramps and to improve the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), such as irritability and crankiness.

Masturbating to orgasm may help migraine, too. Although orgasm has sometimes been found to trigger a migraine headache, it may also relieve it, according to some research. Scientists speculate that some factor associated with orgasm (by yourself or with a partner) may suppress pain or actually suppress the migraine process.

By Kathleen Doheny
WebMD Feature
Reviewed by Louise Chang, MD

Pregnancy Raises Swine Flu Death Risk

2009-08-17T09:39:00.002-07:00

Pregnant women, even if they are healthy, are at high risk of hospitalization and death from H1N1 swine flu, the CDC reports.
A CDC analysis shows that pregnant women are more likely than the general population to develop severe disease after infection with the pandemic H1N1 swine flu virus. They are four times more likely to be hospitalized, with an unusually high death rate.
Although media reports have focused on deaths among pregnant women with underlying disease, most pregnant women who have died of swine flu were healthy when they caught the pandemic virus.
Even so, the findings do not mean that all pregnant women will suffer severe disease, says study leader Denise J. Jamieson, MD, MPH, an obstetrician-gynecologist at the CDC's Women's Health and Fertility branch.
"Most women who become ill with flu are going to have mild disease just like in the general population," Jamieson tells WebMD. "But it does seem pregnant women are at increased risk of severe illness and death. So the proportion of deaths among pregnant women is larger than you would expect."
The CDC has details on 266 of the 305 U.S. swine flu deaths reported as of July 29. Fifteen of these 266 deaths -- about 6% -- were among pregnant women. Most of the deaths were among women in their third trimester.
Pandemic Flu Deaths in Pregnant Women Not New
It's not a new phenomenon:

• During seasonal flu epidemics, pregnant women -- especially those in the third trimester -- are far more likely to be hospitalized for lung and heart disease than women who recently delivered a child (considered the closest comparison group).

• In a study of 1,350 women who had flu during the 1918 pandemic, about half the women got pneumonia and about half of the women with pneumonia died -- a case-fatality rate of 27%. Women in their third trimester were particularly vulnerable.

• During the 1957 flu pandemic, pregnant women accounted for half of the flu deaths among Minnesota women of reproductive age.

There's also a risk to the fetus. In past pandemics, there were high rates of stillbirth, spontaneous abortion, and premature delivery among pregnant women who had the flu. Flu comes with fever, which can result in brain damage to the fetus.
In the current swine flu pandemic, Jamieson says, it's too soon to know much about fetal outcome. But she says women with swine flu do seem to be at high risk of premature delivery.
But the major risk is to the pregnant woman herself. That risk is based on her pregnancy and not on other risk factors. "Pregnant women are at risk just by virtue of being pregnant," Jamieson says.
Why? It's not entirely clear, but there are two likely mechanisms:

• As pregnancy evolves, a woman's diaphragm is pushed upward and she has decreased lung capacity. This makes respiratory disease more dangerous.

• During pregnancy, a woman's immune system shifts away from the kinds of immune responses most effective in battling viral infections. This makes her more susceptible to some viral diseases such as flu.

CDC to Pregnant Women with Flu: Take Tamiflu or Relenza
All of the pregnant women who died of pandemic H1N1 swine flu had another thing in common: They, or their doctors, waited too long to start them on anti-flu drugs.
Tamiflu and Relenza both fight swine flu. These drugs work far better when started within two days of the first flu symptoms.
Many women -- and many doctors -- are hesitant to start medications during pregnancy. But when flu symptoms strike, the antiviral drugs Tamiflu and Relenza pose vastly less risk than the flu itself.
"Clinicians who take care of pregnant women seem hesitant to start antivirals," Jamieson says. "It has been an issue of prompt antivirals vs. concerns about the fetus. But we are recommending that women be treated, because the benefits outweigh the risks of the drug."
Mark Phillippe, MD, chairman of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive sciences at the University of Vermont, recently wrote an editorial warning doctors to offer pregnant women aggressive treatment if they have flu symptoms. He was not involved in the CDC report.
"I certainly agree with the CDC recommendation," Phillippe tells WebMD. "The risk of becoming seriously ill and of dying is significantly higher for pregnant women than for the rest of the population. The big advantage we have over previous pandemics is we have an opportunity to save lives by early treatment. Based on the case reports so far, most of the women who died had a delay in treatment."
Jamieson says that a pregnant woman who develops flu-like symptoms should call her doctor right away. She should not go directly to her doctor's office to avoid exposing other pregnant women to swine flu. If her doctor prescribes Tamiflu or Relenza, she should start treatment as soon as she can.
"The safest thing she can do for herself and her pregnancy is to take the medication order to prevent an overwhelming infection," Phillippe says. "And when the swine flu vaccine comes out, pregnant women need to be among the high-risk groups that receive the vaccine first."
Especially outside the U.S., media have trumpeted advice that pregnant women should avoid crowds and basically hide out during the flu pandemic. That is NOT what women should do.
"Pregnant women should continue their everyday activities and not take any extra precautions other than avoiding people who have the infection and washing their hands frequently," Jamieson says. "But if they suspect they may have the flu, they do need to promptly call their health care provider."

By Daniel J. DeNoon
WebMD Health News
Reviewed by Brunilda Nazario, MD